refactor(phpstan): update usage of types for better clarity

Updated several files to make use of the pipe operator for better type declaration readability and clarity. This includes specifying types in functions parameters and class property declarations.

.phive/phars.xml

 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <phive xmlns="https://phar.io/phive">
-  <phar name="phpstan" version="1.11.8" installed="1.11.8" location="./tools/phpstan" copy="false"/>
+  <phar name="phpstan" version="1.*" installed="1.12.13" location="./tools/phpstan" copy="false"/>
   <phar name="phpunit" version="^10.5.20" installed="10.5.20" location="./tools/phpunit" copy="false"/>
   <phar name="phpcs" version="^3.10.1" installed="3.10.1" location="./tools/phpcs" copy="false"/>
   <phar name="phpcbf" version="^3.10.1" installed="3.10.1" location="./tools/phpcbf" copy="false"/>